I want to know what goes on inside "drug/alcohol rehab".. does anyone know? I know they detox you from the drug/alcohol.. but how? With what? Do they give you anything else to help you recover faster? Etc.

Your length of stay depends on your insurance carrier. Most programs average 30-45 days and are AA/NA 12 step based recovery programs.
The drugs given for detox depend on the drugs you are in detox for.

recovery time is different for everyone.
& there is no magic pill to rid of fuckedupness faster.

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That's the whole trouble. You can't ever find a place that's nice and peaceful, because there isn't any. You may think there is, but once you get there, when you're not looking, somebody'll sneak up and write "Fuck you" right under your nose.” - J. D. Salinger

a spiritual being having a human experience

They implant little cameras in your eyes so they can see what you are doing and administer electric shocks if they don't like it.

I've lost count of the number of times I've been in rehab. While I didn't much mind the speakers who would visit to share their stories, I grew weary of the other patients.
I adore people, but having 20 different personalities detoxing together brings out the worst in almost anyone. I just wanted to have a lie down, eat, and get the drugs out of my system. I most certainly did NOT want to join groups of people who gossiped and were horrid to each other.
Though I must admit, I learned quite a bit about addiction. But the bit where families joined to chat about their addicted loved ones was wrenching. The tears, screaming, and accusations was awful.
This is my experience. Hopefully yours will be much better.